
TEMPERATURE PROBES, THERMOCOUPLES,
THERMISTOR
Thermo monitoring:
• One and 70 microvolts per degree Celsius (µV/°C) for
standard metal combinations, air, gas surface.
• Low current, high impedance circuit needed.
• Tip types beaded, probe clip
• Review manufacture’s specifications
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SONAR
(SOUND NAVIGATION AND RANGING)
Acoustic Device for measuring gases (i.e. air) and water.
Robotics; typically used to measure distance from a few inches to
several meters.
Overview: Periodic send are receive cycles. Starts with a transmitted
ultrasound ping, then waits for its echo. Calculates sound propagation.
It’s that simple!
• Most sonars have internal electronics that translates the time
propagation into a representative voltage level.
• Electrical Interface: This may be an analog value or digital via a serial
interface.
• Environmental concerns: Whale activists accuse US navy submarines
to beach whales during practice events…
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